Project Phases Essay Example for Free

Project Phases Essay It is a matter of fact that people involved in project management have revealed that every project has its specific characteristics and phases which help to increase its effectiveness. Actually, all projects go through describable and definite phases. Phase transitions are considered an ideal time for updating planning guidelines and objectives and for conducting qualified management review.   Usually, there are three project phases distinguished: planning, scheduling and controlling. Firstly, planning phase suggests that there is a need to evaluate each investment against others. During this phase the presented information should be clear and exact to make project board sure that they have made the right decision to initiate the project.   When panning the project managers specify deliverables and identify requirements for a future plan. In other words, planning suggests identifying what is to be delivered, when, by whom and how. Planning forms the basis for control and management. Secondly, phase of scheduling provides details of project implementation and specifies its peculiarities. This phase ensures that managers have met all set goals and requirements, quality and cost specifications. A number of parallel processes is involved in this phase: monitoring the process, reporting the status, managing possible changes, checking that deliverable will meet the necessary outcomes, dealing problematic issues, etc. Thirdly, controlling phase is the final review of the project. It identifies whether the full scope of the plan has been met and whether the governance has been effective. This phase is very important as it gives the last opportunity to make necessary changes and to correct mistakes if they are present when this phase is over, the project is completed. Summing up all the three project phases are very important and can’t be ignored as they provide the basis for future success or failure of the project. Failure of any phase leads to failure of others if not managed properly. All phases need attention on a continuous basis. References Chapman, James. (2005, March 2). Project Phases. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www.hyperthot.com/pm_fazes.htm

The Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Ar

The Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia An incredibly controversial issue clouds the minds of millions of people everyday as death confronts them. The problem revolves around the ethics of euthanasia. Should medical assisted suicide be outlawed in all situations or under certain circumstances, could it be considered ethical? Do humans violate nature’s course with science and advanced technology by playing God? Why should doctors and families witness their loved ones suffer when the solution of euthanasia promises a painless death? Authors Andrea E. Richardson and David Miller of the articles â€Å"Death with Dignity: The Ultimate Human Right† and â€Å"From Life to Death in a Peaceful Instant† reflect upon their experiences and feelings on these questions. In â€Å"Death with Dignity: The Ultimate Human Right,† Richardson introduces the reader to the depressing story about his father. His father, a good family man, had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, which kept him in the hospital for weeks at a time. For this man, the painful and paralyzing experience destroyed both his joints and internal organs. Richardson sneaks the idea of euthanasia into his introduction by saying, â€Å"For others-for those like my father- death is an event clearly visible on the horizon. It is an event that is forecasted, feared, and at times yearned for† (Richardson, 42). Richardson then talks about the history of euthanasia by discussing the tribal ideals and medical techniques used thousands of years ago. â€Å"The discovery that certain berries had lethal effects was used as a means of humane euthanasia for people who were very ill or badly injured† (Richardson, 42). The author explains how medicine has evolved to the point where the... ...ge a person’s fate. Richardson supports his argument with various cases and concrete facts. He presents his case in both an interesting and informative manner because he didn’t just concentrate solely on his feelings of his father. Miller on the other hand focuses on his feelings towards his grandmother without supporting his cases with a sound argument. He makes his story too personal while ignoring the other side of the coin. This comes off as both arrogant and non-professional. Overall, these two articles support the pros of euthanasia, giving the reader a solid background to the ethical dilemma facing human beings today. Works Cited Miller, David. â€Å"From Life in Death in a Peaceful Instant.† The Humanist (May/ June 2000) 27 Richardson, Andrea E. â€Å"Death with Dignity: The Ultimate Human Right?† The Humanist (July/ Aug 2002) p. 42-43

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving Burke, Sheila. â€Å"TN Supreme Court to Hear Field Sobriety Case. † The Tennessean. N. p. , 23 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. This is a very interesting newspaper article out of the Tennessean. There is a huge case going on about drunk driving and field sobriety tests. This case consists of a 2009 DUI charge in Sevier County that was dismissed because car driver, David Bell, passed six field sobriety tests. The Tennessee Supreme Court has approved to take this case that could define if police officers can arrest people assumed of driving drunk after they have already pass field sobriety tests.Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerAlready three Tennessee courts have established that police needed the probable cause to arrest Bell and command a blood-alcohol test. Goldstein, Joseph. â€Å"Brooklyn Police Officer Is Accused Of Driving Patrol Car While Drunk. † The New York Times. N. p. , 29 Feb. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This story is about an officer in Brooklyn, NY. This officer was out when he crashed his patrol car into a pole. I’m sure you ask what the cause was. The officer had just been coming from a fund-raiser for the four daughters of Officer Peter J. Figoski, who was shot dead in December while responding to a report of a robbery in Brooklyn.At this event the officer obviously had too much to drink while there. The officer was charged with driving while intoxicated and refusing to take a breath test, the police said. Hathaway, William. â€Å"Brain Study Reveals How Drinking Impairs Driving. † Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, Dec. -Jan. 2004. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article discusses how the brain responses to being drunk while driving. How they go about this is they use an imaging scan. A couple of scientist studied this at Yale University School of Medicine and the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut.W hat I think about the situation is if you’re intoxicated you shouldn’t be behind the wheel of any kind of automobile. That’s just like taking medicine and getting behind the will to drive. A lot of people compare this to smoking weed and driving a car. There is no difference in these if you’re pulled over your going get the same punishment you would get if you’re were drinking and driving. The best way to fix these problems is to just not operate an automobile in these situations. This article is reliable in that is gives a lot of information on brain study of drinking impaired. Hsu, Tiffany. â€Å"Teen Drunk Driving Declines as Gas Prices Rise. Los Angeles Times. BUSINESS, 3 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. As we all no gas prices have went up and down in the last few years. Although everyone thinks this is a bad thing it has helped the drunk driving rates go way down believe it or not. This article simply states the reason is that they really spend less time on the roads. Teenagers are especially delicate to upsurges in gasoline rates and declines in economic situations. I do for sure think that’s the reason for the decrease in the past years. More people have to manage their money better with gas prices going up and the more they spend the less they have to buy alcohol.A lot of teenagers today age try to car pull to the parties. This is sometimes a good thing and sometimes a bad thing. The reason they do this is to save gas and also they try to pick a designated driver that will not be drinking to drive them there. This is the positive thing about it. This article is good in that it makes you think about all the situations and look outside of the box. Jacobs, James B. Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1989. Print. This book talked about drunk driving all together.This book wants to bring all the information together as a whole and put it all into a book, or as some would call this boo k a resource book. Professor Jacob’s thinks he’s managed to accomplish this difficult task. He had divided his book into three different parts called an anatomy of the social problem of drunk driving, an assessment of the role that criminal low and procedure play in defining and dealing with the problem, and a discussion of the effect of various social institutions have had an are likely to happen in the future on the social control of drunk driving. JENSEN, CHRISTOPHER. â€Å"Jan. 1 Is Worst Day for Drunken Driving. New York Times. N. p. , 31 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article talks about all the events on New Year’s. What do you think the worse day of the year is for fatal crashes? As we all know everyone’s out on New Year’s Eve going to parties and various places. A lot of alcohol is drunk that night. A lot of people still drive even after they drink. This is what is so dangerous about the situation. Over half of all the crashes that ha ppen on years half of them involve a drunk driver with a blood-alcohol content of at least 0. 08, according to an analysis by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.If people know they’re going to drink why do they even go and then leave? The worse time that all the crashes happen is right after the ball drops a little after 12. One of my friends had this exact thing happen to him. He left a party then ran off the road and luckily he was alright and only came out with a few scratches. Kordunsky, Anna. â€Å"Tougher Penalties Sought in Russia for Drunken Driving After Accident. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013 This source is about the Russian legislators wanting stronger measure against drunk driving. This is due to horrible accidents that happened.The driver of the car crashed into a bus going at the speed of 125 miles per hour. This not only killed the driver but it also killed seven other people. Five of them were teenage rs with learning disabilities. The driver of the car already had a number of drunken driving issues in the past. He also drank for two day before even getting behind the wheel of the car. This is a very sad story. What could he of been thinking going 125 miles per hour. He may have been so intoxicated that he couldn’t control his self. I guess we will never know what was going through his head while he was doing this.The worst thing about the whole situation is the killing of seven insistent people, and even more worse that five were teenagers with learning disabilities. Situations like this makes you open your eyes and realize it’s just not worth it. Lerner, BARRON L. â€Å"Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk. † Well Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk Comments. The New York Times, 18 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article is about a 21 year old guy named Matthew Grape. He chose to get into the passenger seat with one of his Duke University fraternity b rothers. The driver then hits a tree only suffering minor issued.However Matthew doesn’t survive the crash. Reports from the press say the driver was charged with impaired driving. This is a horrible situation. This is why it is very important to think before you get into a car with somebody. You should never get in the car with an impaired driver. I bet Matthew hadn’t be thinking about all the bad thing that could happen to him, and he probably never thought getting into that car would end his life that night. Lerner, Barron H. â€Å"The Discovery of Drunk Driving. † One for the Road: Drunk Driving since 1900. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 14-37. Print. This book talks bout all the effort that’s been around to eliminate drunk driving. This isn’t something that just came about in the last few years. This has been going on since they first started inventing cars way in the pass. Before automobiles actually came out they had already been studying and discuss ing the issue of drunk driving, which I find to be very interesting. This didn’t change their mine about automobiles. They also had already been through the same situation with horse and buggy, but it still wasn’t as dangerous as the automobiles. Mears, Bill. â€Å"Drunk-drive Blood Tests Divide Supreme Court. CNN. Cable News Network, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article is about alcohol related car crashes in the United States. This amount is approximately 10,000 a year. This is just way too big of a number. Also law enforcement wants more flexibility to determine whether a suspected drunk driver is, indeed, over the limit. However the Supreme Court was openly separated in oral arguments about whether law enforcement agency can obtain a blood test without a warrant to define intoxication levels. The outcome was they get tested at the scene and also get test at the jail.

Policy Implementation Is Different From Agenda Setting And...

Policy implementation is â€Å"the application of the policy by the government s administrative machinery† (Anderson, 2011, 4). Policy implementation is different from agenda-setting and policy formulation. Policy implementation deals with applying the government’s policy into effect to the problem that it is trying to solve. While the first part of the policy process, agenda-setting, is deals more with trying to get the government to consider action on the problem you are addressing. After the government has considered a course of action to fix or alieve the problem, policy formulation comes next. The second part of the policy process, policy formulation, deals with proposing a certain solution to the problem. In most cases, the person, group or organization that identifies the problems, also recommends a solution to the problem. No action is needed when dealing with self-executing, while other forms of policy require decision making and alterations. â€Å"A complex array of administrative agencies also known as bureaucracies† (Anderson, 2011, 232) participate in policy implementation. Since bureaucratic agencies participate in policy implementation, the agencies major role is to implement public policy. Actionable-action must be taken. The formula for knowing who participates in policy implementation is quite simple. It is in the shape of a droplet, with the top being few elected officials. In the bottom of the droplet are the numerous of career government employees. For the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Four Stages Of Policymaking Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to policy making in the US, it can be very complex. The policy making involves numerous steps and its interaction of the various political institutions. When we talk about Policymaking, there’s a process and it has four stages. 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